Electric Lamps and Lighting for Chemical Industries
Electric lamps and lighting systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of chemical industries. Proper lighting is essential for various plant locations, including production, storage, utility, and others. In this article, we'll explore the definitions and calculations required for electric lamps and lighting systems in chemical industries.
Lighting Definitions
Before we dive into the calculations, let's define some key terms:
1. Luminous Flux: The total amount of light emitted by a light source in all directions.
2. Luminous Intensity: The amount of light emitted by a light source in a specific direction.
3. Illuminance: The amount of light falling on a surface per unit area.
4. Lux: The unit of measurement for illuminance (1 lux = 1 lumen/m²).
Lighting Calculations for Chemical Industries
The following calculations are essential for determining the required lighting levels for various chemical plant locations:
1. Production Areas: Calculate the required illuminance based on the type of task being performed. For example:
- General production areas: 200-500 lux
- Precision production areas: 500-1000 lux
2. Storage Areas: Calculate the required illuminance based on the type of storage. For example:
- General storage areas: 100-200 lux
- Hazardous material storage areas: 200-500 lux
3. Utility Areas: Calculate the required illuminance based on the type of utility. For example:
- Electrical rooms: 200-500 lux
- Pump rooms: 500-1000 lux
4. Outdoor Areas: Calculate the required illuminance based on the type of outdoor activity. For example:
- Parking areas: 10-50 lux
- Security areas: 50-200 lux
Electric Lamp Selection for Chemical Industries
When selecting electric lamps for chemical industries, consider the following factors:
1. Explosion-Proof Rating: Ensure the lamp is rated for use in hazardous locations.
2. Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Select lamps with corrosion-resistant materials to withstand harsh chemical environments.
3. High-Temperature Rating: Choose lamps with high-temperature ratings to ensure safe operation in hot environments.
4. Energy Efficiency: Select energy-efficient lamps to reduce energy consumption and costs.
Proper lighting is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of chemical industries. By understanding the definitions and calculations required for electric lamps and lighting systems, plant operators can select the right lighting solutions for their facilities. Remember to consider factors like explosion-proof rating, corrosion-resistant materials, high-temperature rating, and energy efficiency when selecting electric lamps for chemical industries.
Light output from electric lamps:
| Type | Wattage | Efficiency (Lumens/watt) | Initial Output Flux (Lumens) | Average flux output through the life of lamp (Lumens) |
| Mercury | 80 | 38 | 3040 | 2240 |
| Vapour | 125 | 42 | 5250 | 3750 |
| 250 | 36 | 9000 | 7250 | |
| 400 | 45 | 18000 | 13600 | |
| Sodium | 45 | 55.5 | 2500 | 2000 |
| 60 | 65 | 3900 | 3120 | |
| 85 | 71.5 | 6080 | 4850 | |
| 250 | 100 | 25000 | NA | |
| 400 | 117.5 | 47000 | NA | |
| Flouroscent | 80 | 38 | 3040 | 2240 |
| 125 | 42 | 5250 | 3750 | |
| 400 | 38 | 15200 | 12400 |