Electrical Transformers

Electrical transformers changed the way of handling the voltage of electrical power lines. At every street end, we see electrical transformers used for providing consistent voltage supply.  It is an engineering marvel that shaped the electrical distribution network.

It is an electromagnetic machine, converts A.C electrical energy from the higher voltage to lower voltage and vice verse or even equal voltage with the corresponding increase or decrease in the current without any change in frequency.

Working Principle:

Metal usually iron made into a C shape structure, each sheet is laminated to each other forming the square block called as the core.  Copper wire is coiled to one of the sides of the core and similarly to its opposite side. The power supply is provided to one of the coiling ends (primary) and to the other (secondary) load is connected.
 

The voltage supplied to the winded primary coil due to this an alternating flux is generated in the metal core. If N1 and N2 are the number of individual windings of primary and secondary coil respectively. E1 and E2 are the e.m.f of each coil then

E2/E1 =N2/N1

When the secondary is the open circuit, its terminal voltage is the same as induced e.m.f. The primary current is then very small, so that the applied voltage V1, is equal and opposite to the e.m.f induced in the primary coil.

V2/V1 = N2/N1 = K

where K is known as transformation ratio.
(1) if K> 1, the transformer is known as the step up transformer.
(2) if K< 1, the transformer is known as the step-down transformer.

The size of fuse wires to be used on the HV side of various sizes of transformers.

The capacity of transformers KVA	H.T.Voltage rating, KV	Size of T.C fuse wire S.W.G	Horn gap length in inches
3000	66	21	20
2500	66	21	20
2000	66	21	20
1750	''	22	20
1500	''	22	20
1250	''	23	20
1000	''	26	20
750	''	28	20
500	22	32	20
250	22	23	10
500	11	20	8
250	11	23	8

Note: Above values are approximate may change as per the region and manufacturer.